The Development of Indigenous People Rights to Their Land through Political Participation and International Norm in Latin America

This writing has published in Jurnal Transformasi Global Universitas Brawijaya Volume 4, No: 01 2017
Access on http://transformasiglobal.ub.ac.id/index.php/trans/article/view/58

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE RIGHTS TO THEIR LAND THROUGH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND INTERNATIONAL NORM

IN LATIN AMERICA

Tiffany Setyo Pratiwi

Staff Pengajar Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta

tiffany.pratiwi@staff.uty.ac.id

Abstract

This paper will explain about how indigenous people as minority group receive their recognition and accommodation by government, especially in implementation of international norm that pertains to indigenous peoples and recognized in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and Convention ILO 169. This paper will explore the issue in Latin Amerika region. To achieve the objective of this paper, author will explain in two main themes: First, the development of the political participation indigenous people in Latin American states. Second, the rights of indigenous people to their ancestral land through international norm FPIC (Free, Prior, and Informed Consent) that adopted in Latin America states. I argue that the development of indigenous people rights to their land in Latin America is supported by political participation of indigenous people in the government system in Latin America states.

Keywords: indigenous people rights; international norm; Latin America; political participation.

Abstrak

Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang bagaimana masyarakat adat sebagai kelompok minoritas menerima pengakuan dan akomodasi dari pemerintah, terutama dalam penerapan norma internasional yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat adat dan diakui dalam Deklarasi PBB tentang Hak-hak Masyarakat Adat (UNDRIP) dan Konvensi ILO 169 terhadap hak tanah adat. Artikel ini membahas permasalahan yang terjadi di wilayah Amerika Latin. Artikel ini akan disusun kedalam 2 sub pembahasan: Pertama, perkembangan partisipasi politik masyarakat adat di negara-negara Amerika Latin. Kedua, hak masyarakat adat terhadap tanah leluhur mereka melalui norma internasional FPIC (Free, Prior, dan Informed Consent) yang diadopsi di negara-negara Amerika Latin. Akhirnya Penulis berpendapat bahwa perkembangan hak masyarakat adat atas tanah mereka di Amerika Latin tak terlepas karena dukungan partisipasi politik masyarakat adat dalam sistem pemerintahan di negara-negara Amerika Latin.

Kata Kunci: hak masyarakat adat; norma internasional; Amerika Latin; partisipasi politik.

Reference:

Book:

Ahren, Mattias. 2016. Indigenous Peoples Status in the International Legal System. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Baranyi, Stephen. 2001. Land and Development in Latin America. Canada: The North-South Institute.

Booth, John A. 2014. Latin American Political Culture. London: SAGE.

Carmen, Andrea. 2010. The Right to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent: A Framework for Harmonious Relations and New Processes for Redress. In Jackie Hartley, Realizing The United Nations Declaration. Canada: Purich Publishing Ltd.

Cleary, Edward L. Timothy J. Steigenga. 2004. Resurgent voices in Latin America: Indigenous People, Political Mobilization, and Religious Change. London: Rutgers University Press.

Eisenberg, Avigail and Halev, Jeff Spinner. 2005. Minorities Within Minorities: Equality, Rights and Diversity. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Hall, Gillette. 2005. Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kurtz, Lester R. 2008. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace & Conflict: Volume 3. United Kingdom: Elsevier.

Kuprecht, Carolina. 2013. Indigenous People of Cultural Property Claims. London: Springer.

Kymlicka, Will. 2017. The Internationalization of minority rights. In Joshua Castellino, Global Minority Rights. London: Routledge.

Lucero, Jose A. 2013. In Peter Kingstone, Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics. London: Routledge.

Malloy, Tove H. 2013. Minority Issues in Europe: Rights, Concepts, Policy. Germany: Frank & Timme GmbH.

Rachel, Sieder. 2002. Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity, and Democracy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Rodriguez, Luis. 2010. Political Participation System Applicable in Indigenous People. In Marc Weller, Political Participation of Minorities: A Commentary of International Standards and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.

O’Toole, Gavin. 2014. Politics in Latin America. New York: Routledge.

IWGIA. 2001. Indigenous People Experience with Political Parties and Election. Denmark: IWGIA Document.

Online:

Boosting indigenous peoples' political participation crucial for development, says UNDP (2012), link: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/articles/2012/05/11/boosting-indigenous-peoples-political-participation-crucial-for-development-says-undp.html Accessed 8 December 2017

Indigenous People in Latin America, link: https://www.cepal.org/en/infografias/los-pueblos-indigenas-en-america-latina Accessed 3 December 2017.

Indigenous peoples in Latin America improve political participation, but women lag behind, says UNDP, link: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2013/05/22/pueblos-indigenas-en-america-latina-pese-a-los-avances-en-la-participacion-politica-las-mujeres-son-las-mas-rezagadas-segun-el-pnud.html.  Accessed 3 December 2017.

Beyond Numbers: The Participations of Indigenous People in Parliament, link: http://archive.ipu.org/pdf/publications/indigenous-sur-en.pdf Accessed 6 Desember 2017

Report on indigenous political representation: Introduction and summary (2017), link: https://theglobalamericans.org/2017/10/report-indigenous-political-representation-introduction-summary/ Accessed 8 December 2017